EC2 instances belong to different instance types families and understanding them will help you chose the right instance for your use case. AWS currently have below categories and instance types.
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General Purpose - T2, M5, M4, M3
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Compute Optimized - C5, C4, C3
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Memory Optimized - X1e, X1, R4, R3
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Accelerated Computing / Graphics - P3, P2, G3, F1
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Storage Optimized - H1, I3, D2
EC2 instance type descriptions
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T2
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Specialty: General purpose, lowest cost.
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Use: web servers, small databases, development environments, build servers, code repositories.
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M5, M4, M3
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Specialty: Main General Purpose
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Use: Application Servers, small and mid-size databases, and for running backend servers for SAP, Microsoft SharePoint, cluster computing.
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C5, C4, C3
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Specialty: Optimized compute
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Use: CPU intensive applications, databases, batch processing, distributed analytics.
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X1e, X1
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Specialty: Extreme memory optimized
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Use: Apache Spark, SAP HANA etc.
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R4, R3
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Specialty: Optimized memory (RAM)
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Use: Memory intensive applications, high performance databases, data mining & analysis, in-memory databases.
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G3
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Specialty: Graphics Intensive
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Use: 3D visualizations, graphics-intensive remote workstation, 3D rendering, application streaming, video encoding.
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P2
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Specialty: Graphics/General-purpose GPU compute
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Note: GPU-accelerated computing is the use of a graphics processing unit (GPU) together with a CPU to accelerate deep learning, analytics, and engineering applications.
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Use: Machine learning, high performance databases.
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F1
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Specialty: Field Programmable Gate Array
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Use: Hardware Acceleration for your code, financial analytics, real-time video processing, big data search.
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D2
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Specialty: Dense storage
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Use: file servers, data warehousing.
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I3
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Specialty: High speed storage (IO).
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Use: NoSQL DBs, Data warehousing etc.
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